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REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder characterized by the absence of muscle paralysis that normally occurs during the REM phase of sleep. This absence allows individuals to physically act out their dreams, which are often vivid and disturbing. Common behaviors exhibited during episodes include kicking, punching, and yelling. These actions can be dangerous, potentially leading to injuries for the person with RBD or their bed partner.
RBD is significantly associated with...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Eye Tracking, Cortisol, and a Sleep vs. Wake Consolidation Delay: Combining Methods to Uncover an Interactive Effect of Sleep and Cortisol on Memory

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REM Sleep Preserves Affective Response to Social Stress-Experimental Study.

Risto Halonen¹, Liisa Kuula¹, Maikki Selin¹

¹SleepWell Research Program Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.

|May 27, 2024

Summary

Sleep stages differentially regulate stress responses. Slow-wave sleep (SWS) suppression impaired habituation to social stress, while rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) theta activity consolidated autonomic stress responses.

Keywords:

REM sleep SO–spindle coupling affective regulation sleep suppression slow-wave sleep theta power

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Sleep Science
Psychophysiology

Background:

Sleep's role in emotional regulation is not fully understood, with prior research often conflating affective and declarative memory.
Physiological affective responsivity and habituation to social stress remain understudied in relation to specific sleep stages.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the distinct contributions of rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) and slow-wave sleep (SWS) to affective adaptation and declarative memory consolidation.
To examine the role of REMS theta activity in modulating physiological stress responses and habituation.

Main Methods:

Selective REMS or SWS suppression in healthy participants (N=29).
Measurement of physiological (skin conductance response, SCR) and subjective stress responses, and declarative memory recall before, after one night, and after three days.
Analysis using linear mixed models and oscillatory analyses (REMS theta).

Main Results:

Suppressed SWS (intact REMS) led to a significantly greater overnight increase in SCR to a social stressor compared to suppressed REMS (intact SWS).
Overnight SCR increase positively correlated with REMS theta energy, irrespective of sleep suppression condition.
Subjective stress ratings and declarative memory recall did not significantly differ between conditions.

Conclusions:

REMS and SWS have distinct roles in the habituation of social stress responses.
REMS theta activity is implicated in the consolidation of autonomic affective responses.
Declarative memory consolidation appears to be similarly supported by REMS and SWS.