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Related Concept Videos

Full wave rectifier01:22

Full wave rectifier

1.1K
A full-wave rectifier is a device that converts alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) and is more efficient than its half-wave counterpart. It typically includes a center-tapped transformer, two diodes, and a load resistor. The secondary winding of the transformer is divided to provide two equal voltages of opposite polarities, which is the pivotal element of full-wave rectification.
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Bridge rectifier01:24

Bridge rectifier

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The bridge rectifier is essential in electronics for efficiently converting alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC). Comprised of four diodes configured in a bridge layout, this rectifier effectively processes both the positive and negative halves of the AC waveform, making it superior to half-wave and full-wave center-tapped rectifiers in terms of voltage regulation and output stability.
Operationally, the bridge rectifier allows current flow through two of its diodes during each...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2025

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Ionizing terahertz waves with 260 MV/cm from scalable optical rectification.

Hyeongmun Kim1,2, Chul Kang3, Dogeun Jang4

  • 1Advanced Photonics Research Institute, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Korea.

Light, Science & Applications
|May 27, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intense terahertz (THz) waves can ionize matter. Researchers generated powerful 15-THz waves from lithium niobate, achieving high field strengths and demonstrating THz-induced plasma formation.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Optics

Background:

  • Terahertz (THz) waves are typically considered non-ionizing due to low photon energies.
  • Concentrated THz radiation can, however, lead to ionization events.
  • Understanding intense THz wave generation and interaction is crucial for advanced applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the generation of ionizing, multicycle terahertz waves.
  • To characterize the properties of these intense THz waves.
  • To investigate the interaction of intense THz waves with solid targets, inducing ionization and plasma formation.

Main Methods:

  • Phase-matched optical rectification of 150-terawatt laser pulses using large-area lithium niobate crystals.
  • Comprehensive characterization of THz wave energy, pulse duration, and focal spot size.
  • Utilizing a single-shot THz interferometer and numerical simulations for spectral and temporal analysis.

Main Results:

  • Generation of 15-THz waves with field strengths up to 260 megavolts per centimeter.
  • Confirmation of ionizing capabilities through THz-induced tunneling ionization and plasma formation in solid targets.
  • Detailed measurement of THz pulse duration and spectrum.

Conclusions:

  • Intense THz waves can be generated with significant field strengths, capable of ionizing matter.
  • This research opens avenues for exploring nonperturbative THz-driven ionization in gases.
  • Potential for advancements in nonlinear and relativistic THz physics and plasma applications.