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Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
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Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...
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Neutral rhodol-based dyes expressing localization in mitochondria.

Ilaria Ferraboschi1, Juraj Ovčar2,3, Kateryna V Vygranenko4

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy. cristina.sissa@unipr.it.

Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry
|May 28, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neutral rhodol-based red emitters effectively target mitochondria. This mitochondrial localization is explained by a model considering molecular dipole moment and the inner mitochondrial membrane

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Area of Science:

  • Mitochondrial targeting
  • Molecular imaging
  • Biophysical chemistry

Background:

  • Mitochondria are key organelles for cellular energy production and signaling.
  • Targeting specific cellular compartments like mitochondria is crucial for advanced imaging and therapeutic applications.
  • Rhodol-based dyes offer potential as fluorescent probes due to their photophysical properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mitochondrial localization of neutral rhodol-based red emitters.
  • To elucidate the mechanism driving the selective accumulation of these molecules within mitochondria.
  • To develop a predictive model for neutral molecule localization in biological systems.

Main Methods:

  • Confocal microscopy was employed to visualize and confirm the localization of the red emitters.
  • Co-localization studies were performed using established mitochondrial markers.
  • A biophysical model was developed based on molecular and membrane properties.

Main Results:

  • Neutral rhodol-based red emitters demonstrated efficient and selective localization within mitochondria.
  • Confocal microscopy and co-localization studies confirmed the accumulation in the mitochondrial compartment.
  • The proposed model successfully explains the observed localization based on molecular dipole moment and membrane electric fields.

Conclusions:

  • Neutral rhodol-based red emitters are effective tools for mitochondrial imaging.
  • The molecular dipole moment and inner mitochondrial membrane electric field are key factors in neutral molecule targeting.
  • This work provides a foundational model for designing targeted molecular probes for mitochondria.