Is deep learning-enabled real-time personalized CT dosimetry feasible using only patient images as input?

To propose a novel deep-learning based dosimetry method that allows quick and accurate estimation of organ doses for individual patients, using only their computed tomography (CT) images as input.

Despite recent advances in medical dosimetry, personalized CT dosimetry remains a labour-intensive process. Current state-of-the-art methods utilize time-consuming Monte Carlo (MC) based simulations for individual organ dose estimation in CT. The proposed method uses conditional generative adversarial networks (cGANs) to substitute MC simulations with fast dose image generation, based on image-to-image translation. The pix2pix architecture in conjunction with a regression model was utilized for the generation of the synthetic dose images. The lungs, heart, breast, bone and skin were manually segmented to estimate and compare organ doses calculated using both the original and synthetic dose images, respectively.

The average organ dose estimation error for the proposed method was 8.3% and did not exceed 20% for any of the organs considered. The performance of the method in the clinical environment was also assessed. Using segmentation tools developed in-house, an automatic organ dose calculation pipeline was set up. Calculation of organ doses for heart and lung for each CT slice took about 2 s.

This work shows that deep learning-enabled personalized CT dosimetry is feasible in real-time, using only patient CT images as input.