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Electron Configuration of Multielectron Atoms03:26

Electron Configuration of Multielectron Atoms

The alkali metal sodium (atomic number 11) has one more electron than the neon atom. This electron must go into the lowest-energy subshell available, the 3s orbital, giving a 1s22s22p63s1 configuration. The electrons occupying the outermost shell orbital(s) (highest value of n) are called valence electrons, and those occupying the inner shell orbitals are called core electrons. Since the core electron shells correspond to noble gas electron configurations, we can abbreviate electron...
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Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
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Constructing Si/6H-SiC Heterostructure As a High-Performance Anode for Boosting Lithium-Ion Storage.

Peng Zhou1, Peng Xiao1, Fulu Chu1

  • 1Powder Metallurgy Research Institute, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|May 30, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Silicon anodes show promise but suffer from volume expansion. This study created Si/SiC@C composites that significantly improve conductivity and stability, enhancing performance for next-generation batteries.

Keywords:
6H-SiCdensity functional theoryheterostructurelithium-ion batteriessilicon anodes

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Silicon (Si) anodes offer high capacity for lithium-ion batteries.
  • Their practical application is hindered by significant volume changes during cycling, leading to poor cycling life.
  • Developing stable and high-performance Si-based anodes is crucial for advanced energy storage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer Si/SiC@C composites to overcome the limitations of Si anodes.
  • To enhance the electronic conductivity and ion diffusion kinetics of Si anodes.
  • To improve the cycling stability and rate capability of Si-based anodes.

Main Methods:

  • Ball-milling of microsilicon (Si) and 6H-silicon carbide (SiC) particles.
  • Coating the milled particles with amorphous carbon to form Si/SiC@C composites.
  • Utilizing computational and experimental analyses to characterize the heterostructure and electrochemical performance.

Main Results:

  • The Si/6H-SiC heterostructure dramatically enhances electronic conductivity (approx. 330x higher than Si@C) and Li-ion diffusion.
  • 6H-SiC acts as a rigid, inert framework, mitigating Si volume expansion and mechanical stress.
  • Si/SiC@C anodes exhibit superior cycling stability (88.0% retention after 400 cycles at 1 A g⁻¹) and rate capability (762 mAh g⁻¹ at 5 A g⁻¹).

Conclusions:

  • The developed Si/SiC@C composite structure effectively addresses the volume expansion issue in Si anodes.
  • This approach significantly boosts anode conductivity, stability, and electrochemical performance.
  • The Si/SiC@C composites represent a promising anode material for high-performance lithium-ion batteries.