In vivo evaluation of hyaluronic acid-polyethylene glycol amended PMMA bone cement for orthopaedic application

The utilization of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement is employed for the purpose of stabilizing fractured vertebral bodies. The existence of a mechanical imbalance in hard polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement has the potential to increase the likelihood of a fracture occurring in the neighbouring vertebral body. In order to reduce potential difficulties, the primary goal of this study is to investigate the potential benefits of increasing PMMA bone cement's bioactivity and lowering its elastic modulus. The incorporation of a 10% volume fraction of hyaluronic acid (HyA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) into the bone cement led to an improvement in the bioactivity and decreasing of elastic modulus of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). The integration of HyPE gel phase presents several advantages over pure PMMA bone cement, including enhanced setting parameters, improved degradability, and increased biocompatibility. The gel phase is additionally accountable for a reduction in the elastic modulus of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement. In addition, the existence of a porous structure that arises from the degradation of the HyPE gel phase delivers a significant amount of room, thereby enhancing the process of bone regeneration when implanted in the femur of rabbits. The utilization of HyPE in PMMA has been shown through comprehensive µ-CT analysis to enhance bone formation, thereby promoting osteointegration at the implantation site. Furthermore, the histological analysis demonstrated the existence of osteogenic activity in the PMMA polyethylene glycol supplemented with 10% HyA and 10% PEG after a 2-month period subsequent to implantation.