Fe₃O₄-modified hydroxyapatite whisker/PLA/gel electrospun membrane: a preliminary study for potential skull base...

The reconstruction of skull base defects after tumor resection remains challenging due to the limitations of conventional materials, including poor mechanical properties, uncontrolled degradation, and insufficient osteoinduction. In this study, we developed a novel poly(lactic acid)/gelatin (PLA/Gel) fibrous membrane incorporating Fe₃O₄-modified hydroxyapatite whiskers (MHAw) to address these issues. The MHAw-containing membrane exhibited appropriate tensile strength, enhanced water absorption (>209.5%), and a degradation rate well-matched to bone regeneration (∼35% over 49 days). Cytotoxicity tests on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells revealed significant inhibitory effects of MHAw and PGMH on cell viability, while live/dead staining confirmed high BMSC viability (>70%), meeting ISO 10993-5 safety requirements. Antibacterial assays further demonstrated substantial activity against clinically relevant pathogens. Collectively, this composite integrates suitable mechanical properties, controlled degradability, cytocompatibility, and antibacterial functionality, offering a promising scaffold for skull base repair.