Cardiac physiology and pathophysiology in pregnancy

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Medicine
• Obstetrics
• Maternal Health

Background:

• Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading indirect cause of maternal morbidity and mortality.
• Nearly one-third of maternal deaths during pregnancy are attributed to CVD.
• The incidence of CVD in pregnancy is increasing.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the physiologic adaptations during pregnancy.
• To outline the pathologic implications of these adaptations for common cardiovascular conditions.
• To inform care providers on managing pregnant patients with CVD.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of physiologic changes in pregnancy.
• Analysis of how these changes impact pre-existing and new cardiovascular conditions.
• Synthesis of information for clinical application.

Main Results:

• Pregnancy involves significant cardiovascular adaptations like increased cardiac output and plasma volume.
• These changes can unmask, worsen, or cause new cardiac issues.
• Specific common cardiovascular conditions are discussed in the context of pregnancy.

Conclusions:

• Understanding pregnancy's physiologic changes is crucial for managing cardiovascular disease.
• Early recognition and management of CVD in pregnancy can reduce maternal morbidity and mortality.
• This review provides essential insights for healthcare providers.