Tailoring thermoelectric performance ofn-type Bi₂Te₃through defect engineering and conduction band convergence

Bi₂Te₃, an archetypical tetradymite, is recognised as a thermoelectric (TE) material of potential application around room temperature. However, large energy gap (ΔE_c) between the light and heavy conduction bands results in inferior TE performance in pristine bulkn-type Bi₂Te₃. Herein, we propose enhancement in TE performance of pristinen-type Bi₂Te₃through purposefully manipulating defect profile and conduction band convergence mechanism. Twon-type Bi₂Te₃samples, S1 and S2, are prepared by melting method under different synthesis condition. The structural as well as microstructural evidence of the samples are obtained through powder x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopic study. Optothermal Raman spectroscopy is utilized for comprehensive study of temperature dependent phonon vibrational modes and total thermal conductivity (κ) of the samples which further validates the experimentally measured thermal conductivity. The Seebeck coefficient value is significantly increased from 235 μVK^-1(sample S1) to 310 μVK^-1(sample S2). This is further justified by conduction band convergence, where ΔE_cis reduced from 0.10 eV to 0.05 eV, respectively. To verify the band convergence, the double band Pisarenko model is employed. Large power factor (PF) of 2190 μWm^-1K^-2and lowerκvalue leading toZTof 0.56 at 300 K is gained in S2. The obtainedPFandZTvalue are among the highest values reported for pristinen-type bulk Bi₂Te₃. In addition, appreciable value of TE quality factor and compatibility factor (2.7 V^-1) at room temperature are also achieved, indicating the usefulness of the material in TE module.