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Related Concept Videos

General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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From DNA to Protein03:06

From DNA to Protein

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The flow of genetic information in cells from DNA to mRNA to protein is described by the central dogma, which states that genes specify the sequence of mRNAs, which in turn specify the sequence of amino acids making up all proteins. The decoding of one molecule to another is performed by specific proteins and RNAs. Because the information stored in DNA is so central to cellular function, it makes intuitive sense that the cell would make mRNA copies of this information for protein synthesis...
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Structure of a Gene01:30

Structure of a Gene

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A gene is the fundamental unit of heredity. Every individual has two copies of each gene, one inherited from each parent. Although most people contain the same genes, there is a small fraction that is slightly different amongst people. A gene with a small difference in its sequence of DNA bases forms different alleles, contributing to different phenotypes.
However, only 1% of the DNA is composed of genes that encode proteins; the rest, 99% is non-coding DNA. This non-coding DNA performs...
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Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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Proteins: From Genes to Degradation02:11

Proteins: From Genes to Degradation

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Within a biological system, the DNA encodes the RNA, and the nucleotide sequence in the RNA further defines the amino acid sequence in the protein. This is referred to as “The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology” - a term coined by Francis Crick.  Central dogma is a firm principle in biology that defines the flow of genetic information within any life form. The two fundamental steps in central dogma are - transcription and translation.
Transcription is the synthesis of RNA...
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Quantifying Tissue-Specific Proteostatic Decline in Caenorhabditis elegans
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Housekeeping protein-coding genes interrogated with tissue and individual variations.

Kuo-Feng Tung1, Chao-Yu Pan1, Wen-Chang Lin2

  • 1Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan, R.O.C.

Scientific Reports
|May 30, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study identifies stable housekeeping protein-coding genes across major human organs. These genes offer reliable normalization references for molecular biology and bioinformatics research, improving data consistency.

Keywords:
GTEx projectGini indexHousekeeping genesNext-generation sequencingProtein-coding gene

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Housekeeping protein-coding genes are crucial for fundamental cellular functions and serve as normalization references in biological research.
  • Previous studies on human housekeeping genes were impacted by the inclusion of diverse tissue types.
  • Investigating expression differences within individual human subjects across tissues is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify human housekeeping protein-coding genes with stable expression across major solid organs within individual subjects.
  • To provide alternative sets of housekeeping genes for more consistent expression patterns in human subjects.
  • To refine the selection of housekeeping genes for molecular biology and bioinformatics applications.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) V8 dataset, comprising over 16,000 human normal tissue samples.
  • Employed the Gini index to analyze protein-coding gene expression variations between tissue types and individual donors.
  • Focused on major human solid organs to identify subsets of stably expressed housekeeping genes within donors.

Main Results:

  • Identified distinct sets of housekeeping protein-coding genes exhibiting stable expression within major human solid organs across donors.
  • The Gini index revealed tissue-specific variations in housekeeping gene expression profiles.
  • The study provides alternative housekeeping gene sets with improved consistency for human subjects.

Conclusions:

  • The identified housekeeping genes offer more reliable normalization references for molecular biology and integrated bioinformatics analyses.
  • Understanding tissue and individual variations is critical for accurate housekeeping gene selection.
  • This research contributes to more robust and reproducible gene expression studies in humans.