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Immunotherapy for esophageal cancer: Where are we now and where can we go

Yoshiaki Shoji1, Kazuo Koyanagi2, Kohei Kanamori1

  • 1Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.

World Journal of Gastroenterology
|May 31, 2024
PubMed

Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy has dramatically improved patient prognosis, and thereby transformed the treatment in various cancer types including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in the past decade. Monoclonal antibodies that selectively inhibit programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) activity has now become standard of care in the treatment of ESCC in metastatic settings, and has a high expectation to provide clinical benefit during perioperative period. Further, anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) monoclonal antibody has also been approved in the treatment of recurrent/metastatic ESCC in combination with anti-PD-1 antibody. Well understanding of the existing evidence of immune-based treatments for ESCC, as well as recent clinical trials on various combinations with chemotherapy for different clinical settings including neoadjuvant, adjuvant, and metastatic diseases, may provide future prospects of ESCC treatment for better patient outcomes.

Keywords:
Adjuvant therapyAnti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated protein 4Clinical trialsCombination therapyEsophageal cancerImmune checkpoint inhibitorImmunotherapyNeoadjuvant therapyProgrammed cell death-1

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