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Use of Image Cytometry for Quantification of Pathogenic Fungi in Association with Host Cells
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Genotypic diversity, virulence, and molecular genetic tools in Histoplasma

Victoria E Sepúlveda1, William E Goldman2, Daniel R Matute1

  • 1Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews : MMBR
|May 31, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Histoplasmosis, a common fungal respiratory infection caused by Histoplasma, can be severe and difficult to treat. This review synthesizes current knowledge on Histoplasma, its virulence, and disease epidemiology, highlighting research needs.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Histoplasmosis is a globally prevalent fungal respiratory infection caused by *Histoplasma*.
  • The fungus can cause severe lung infections and disseminate to visceral organs, posing treatment challenges.
  • *Histoplasma* is recognized as an emergent pathogen of global concern, listed by the World Health Organization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize current understanding of *Histoplasma*'s ecology, evolution, and virulence.
  • To review the symptomatology and epidemiology of histoplasmosis.
  • To identify critical research gaps and productive research avenues.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on *Histoplasma* and histoplasmosis.
  • Analysis of ecological niche, evolutionary history, and virulence factors.
  • Examination of clinical presentation and epidemiological patterns.

Main Results:

  • *Histoplasma* transitions between hyphal and yeast forms, regulating virulence based on temperature.
  • The review consolidates information on disease manifestations and global distribution.
  • Key areas for future research and promising avenues are identified.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of *Histoplasma* biology and pathogenesis is crucial for combating histoplasmosis.
  • Targeted research is needed to address treatment challenges and public health impact.
  • Continued investigation into virulence strategies and epidemiology will improve disease management.
Keywords:
Histoplasmamycosesvirulence

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