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Updated: Jun 25, 2025

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Action against birth defects: if not now, when?

Kathleen Strong1, Judith Robb-McCord2, Salimah Walani3

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This summary is machine-generated.

Birth defects are a growing cause of child mortality, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Implementing affordable, evidence-based interventions requires strengthening health systems to prevent deaths and disability.

Keywords:
Child mortalitybirth defectsdisabilitynewborn mortalitysustainable development goals

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Global Health
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Increasing survival rates for infectious diseases have led to a rise in birth defects as a cause of under-5 mortality.
  • While interventions for birth defects exist, their implementation is most needed in low- and middle-income countries.
  • Birth defects contribute significantly to preventable child deaths and lifelong disability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the growing burden of birth defects globally.
  • To emphasize the need for renewed global action and national government interest.
  • To advocate for improved primary prevention and care for children with birth defects to meet Sustainable Development Goals.

Main Methods:

  • Review of birth defect-focused publications.
  • Analysis of conference proceedings.
  • Examination of World Health Assembly resolutions from 2000 to 2017.

Main Results:

  • Global efforts raised the profile of birth defects in public health between 2000 and 2017.
  • Recent donor support and national government interest have declined.
  • Demographic shifts in sub-Saharan Africa indicate a future increase in births, potentially exacerbating birth defect-related mortality and disability.

Conclusions:

  • Evidence-based, affordable interventions for birth defect prevention are available.
  • Strengthening health systems in low- and middle-income countries is crucial for implementing these interventions.
  • Proactive measures against birth defects will reduce premature deaths and long-term disability, fostering more resilient health systems.