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Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2025

Functional Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound for Monitoring Cerebral Blood Flow

Functional Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound for Monitoring Cerebral Blood Flow

Published on: March 15, 2021

Measuring global cerebrovascular pulsatility transmission using 4D flow MRI.

Sergio Dempsey¹, Soroush Safaei², Samantha J Holdsworth^3,4

¹Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Level 6, 70 Symonds Street, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand. sdem348@aucklanduni.ac.nz.

Scientific Reports

|June 1, 2024

Summary

A new method for measuring brain pulse dynamics may help assess dementia risk. This pulsatility transmission coefficient offers a whole-organ view, improving upon existing biomarkers for pulse wave encephalopathy (PWE).

Keywords:

4D flow Arterial stiffness Cerebral blood flow Magnetic resonance imaging Pulsatility

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Last Updated: Jun 24, 2025

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Author Spotlight: Noninvasive Cerebral Blood Flow Determination in Human Functional Brain Region for Diagnosis of Neurological Disorders

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Published on: May 31, 2024

Area of Science:

Neurology
Biomedical Engineering
Cardiovascular Physiology

Background:

Pulse wave encephalopathy (PWE) is a hypothesized driver of dementia, necessitating better risk identification tools.
Current pulsatility biomarkers (pulsatility index, damping) lack accuracy due to variability and spatial bias.
Accurate assessment of cerebrovascular pulsatility is crucial for understanding PWE and dementia risk.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce a novel, locus-independent pulsatility transmission coefficient for characterizing whole-brain pulse dynamics.
To evaluate this new coefficient as a potential biomarker for PWE risk assessment.
To explore regional differences in cerebral pulsatility and their underlying causes.

Main Methods:

Development of a pulsatility transmission coefficient calculated by spatially tracking pulsatility along cerebral vessels.
Application of the method to a cohort of 20 subjects for preliminary analysis.
Comparison of the new coefficient with clinical factors like age, heart rate, and sex.

Main Results:

The pulsatility transmission coefficient showed agreement with established relationships between blood pulsatility, age, heart rate, and sex.
Identified distinct pulsatility transmission patterns between vascular territories supplied by the basilar and internal carotid arteries, linked to cerebral blood flow.
Observed inter-individual differences in internal carotid territories not explained by flow or pulsatility, suggesting intrinsic vascular mechanical variations.

Conclusions:

The pulsatility transmission coefficient is a promising candidate biomarker for PWE risk assessment.
This whole-organ approach provides a comprehensive hemodynamic description of the brain's arterial system.
Future large-scale studies can leverage this method for retrospective analysis, advancing our understanding of brain hemodynamics and dementia risk.