Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Prevalence and Incidence01:08

Prevalence and Incidence

458
In statistical epidemiology and health sciences, two essential metrics—prevalence and incidence—are fundamental for understanding disease dynamics within a population. These measures enable public health officials, epidemiologists, and researchers to assess the burden of diseases, allocate resources effectively, and design impactful public health policies and interventions.
Prevalence indicates the proportion of individuals in a population who have a specific disease or health...
458
Relative Risk01:12

Relative Risk

150
Relative risk (RR) is a statistical measure commonly used in epidemiology to compare the likelihood of a particular event occurring between two groups. This metric is important for evaluating the relationship between exposure to a specific risk factor and the probability of a particular outcome. It plays a crucial role in medical research, public health studies, and risk assessment. Relative risk quantifies how much more (or less) likely an event is to occur in an exposed group compared to an...
150
Hazard Ratio01:12

Hazard Ratio

111
The hazard ratio (HR) is a widely used measure in clinical trials to compare the risk of events, such as death or disease recurrence, between two groups over time. It reflects the ratio of hazard rates—the instantaneous risk of the event occurring—between a treatment group and a control group. This measure provides valuable insights into the relative effectiveness of a treatment by assessing how the risk of an event differs between the two groups.
For example, in a clinical trial...
111
Bias in Epidemiological Studies01:29

Bias in Epidemiological Studies

242
Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:  
242
Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System III: Serum Lipid Profile01:25

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System III: Serum Lipid Profile

154
Understanding serum lipids is crucial for maintaining cardiovascular health and preventing heart disease and stroke.
Serum lipids are fats and fatty substances in the blood and are crucial for various bodily functions, including energy storage, cellular structure, and hormone production. Serum lipids consist of cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids.
Cholesterol is a soft, fat-like substance found in all body cells. It is crucial for producing hormones, vitamin D, and substances that aid...
154
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

11.8K
The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
11.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Hardiness and care-related stress in Iranian Alzheimer's caregivers: a cross-sectional study.

British journal of community nursing·2026
Same author

Self-care needs of patients with coronary heart disease in Islamabad, Pakistan: cohort study protocol.

BMJ public health·2026
Same author

Determining adverse childhood experiences and their association with substance use among young adults in universities and colleges in Mombasa County, Kenya.

Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy·2026
Same author

Effects of Mindfulness-Based Interventions on the Psychological Well-Being of Family Caregivers of Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Clinical nursing research·2026
Same author

The global burden of cardiovascular disease in adults.

European journal of cardiovascular nursing·2026
Same author

Integrated approaches to improve the nutritional status of children under five: a positive deviance hearth model in Bomet county, Kenya.

BMC nutrition·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2025

Hydra, a Computer-Based Platform for Aiding Clinicians in Cardiovascular Analysis and Diagnosis
07:51

Hydra, a Computer-Based Platform for Aiding Clinicians in Cardiovascular Analysis and Diagnosis

Published on: September 26, 2018

7.6K

Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Rural Kenya-2023: Vihiga II.

Kawkab Shishani1, Lydia Kaduka2, Joanna Olale3

  • 1College of Nursing, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA.

Western Journal of Nursing Research
|June 2, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Cardiovascular disease risk factors are common in Vihiga County, Kenya, with high blood pressure and obesity prevalent, especially in women. Urgent health promotion is needed for public health improvement.

Keywords:
Kenyacardiovascular diseasecardiovascular riskepidemiologyglobal healthnon-communicable diseasesrural

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Assessing the Cardiovascular Profile of Patients with Metabolic Syndrome
06:04

Author Spotlight: Assessing the Cardiovascular Profile of Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

Published on: September 27, 2024

858
Glycemic Impact on Knee Osteoarthritis Symptoms on Physical, Radiographic, and Inflammatory Markers among Individuals Aged 50 and Over with Diabetes
07:22

Glycemic Impact on Knee Osteoarthritis Symptoms on Physical, Radiographic, and Inflammatory Markers among Individuals Aged 50 and Over with Diabetes

Published on: March 7, 2025

215

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 24, 2025

Hydra, a Computer-Based Platform for Aiding Clinicians in Cardiovascular Analysis and Diagnosis
07:51

Hydra, a Computer-Based Platform for Aiding Clinicians in Cardiovascular Analysis and Diagnosis

Published on: September 26, 2018

7.6K
Author Spotlight: Assessing the Cardiovascular Profile of Patients with Metabolic Syndrome
06:04

Author Spotlight: Assessing the Cardiovascular Profile of Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

Published on: September 27, 2024

858
Glycemic Impact on Knee Osteoarthritis Symptoms on Physical, Radiographic, and Inflammatory Markers among Individuals Aged 50 and Over with Diabetes
07:22

Glycemic Impact on Knee Osteoarthritis Symptoms on Physical, Radiographic, and Inflammatory Markers among Individuals Aged 50 and Over with Diabetes

Published on: March 7, 2025

215

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Cardiovascular Health

Background:

  • Cardiovascular disease (CVD) poses a significant public health challenge globally.
  • Risk factors for CVD are increasingly prevalent in low- and middle-income countries.
  • Understanding the local prevalence of CVD risk factors is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among adults in Vihiga County, Western Kenya.
  • To identify specific risk factors and their distribution within the population.
  • To provide data for the development of public health strategies.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional, population-based study was conducted.
  • Systematic random sampling was used to select 575 participants at the household level.
  • Data collected included sociodemographic, anthropometrical, clinical, and biochemical parameters.

Main Results:

  • High blood pressure (hypertension) was prevalent in 56.4% of the adult population.
  • Abdominal obesity (waist to hip ratio) was significantly higher in women (55.4%) than men (27.6%).
  • Low levels of physical inactivity (36.3%) and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (62.8%) were more common in women, while men had higher tobacco use (27.2%).

Conclusions:

  • The high prevalence of CVD risk factors (hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, low physical activity, tobacco use) highlights an urgent public health concern.
  • Targeted health promotion programs are essential to mitigate CVD risk in rural Kenyan populations.
  • Interventions should address the specific needs and risk factor profiles identified in the study population.