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Related Concept Videos

Potential Due to a Polarized Object01:29

Potential Due to a Polarized Object

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A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...
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Active dynamics of charged macromolecules.

Tapas Singha1, Siao-Fong Li2, Murugappan Muthukumar3

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Active coupling from enzymes binding and unbinding to macromolecules introduces new transport behaviors. This active process enhances macromolecule diffusion and influences their collective movement in solution.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Polymer Physics
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Macromolecules in solution exhibit complex transport properties influenced by various interactions.
  • Active processes, where energy is consumed to drive motion, are increasingly studied in biological and synthetic systems.
  • Understanding active coupling is crucial for comprehending macromolecule behavior in biological environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of active coupling, mediated by enzyme binding and unbinding, on macromolecule transport.
  • To analyze how active binding influences the mean-squared displacement (MSD) and macromolecule swelling.
  • To derive and study the cooperative diffusivity of macromolecules under active coupling.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of homogeneously charged macromolecules in dilute solution.
  • Analysis of electrostatic forces and hydrodynamic interactions.
  • Derivation of the concentration equation and diffusion constant under active binding conditions.

Main Results:

  • A novel scaling regime for MSD was identified due to active coupling, differing from purely thermal systems.
  • Segment-segment correlations revealed macromolecule swelling.
  • Active fluctuations were shown to enhance the effective diffusivity of macromolecules.
  • A closed-form expression for the diffusion constant was derived.

Conclusions:

  • Active coupling significantly alters macromolecule transport properties, leading to enhanced diffusion.
  • The findings provide a framework for interpreting light scattering data in complex binding-unbinding systems.
  • This study offers insights into the dynamics of active macromolecules relevant to biological processes.