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Published on: June 20, 2020
Developmental delay in a community setting: Role of a primary care physician
Manish Taywade1, Payel Roy1, Pankaj K Mohanty2
1Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
Insights
Early childhood development, especially the first 1000 days, is vital. Early detection of developmental delay through screening programs like Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Kariyakram (RBSK) in India is crucial for timely intervention and better child outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Child Development
- Pediatric Health
- Public Health Initiatives
Background:
- The first 1000 days of life are critical for child growth and development.
- Developmental delay affects a significant number of children globally (17.6%) and in India (6.6%).
- Factors influencing development include genetics, socioeconomic status, environment, maternal mental health, and parenting.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the importance of early identification and intervention for developmental delays.
- To emphasize the role of primary care physicians in detecting developmental impairments.
- To discuss the utility of screening tools and programs for early detection.
Main Methods:
- Review of literature on child development and screening tools.
- Discussion of global and Indian prevalence rates of developmental delay.
- Examination of existing screening programs like Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Kariyakram (RBSK) in India.
Main Results:
- Early identification and intervention significantly improve child outcomes.
- Parental engagement in regular developmental assessments post-delivery is often suboptimal.
- Screening programs can identify at-risk children for timely intervention.
Conclusions:
- Early detection of developmental delay is essential for effective intervention and improved child development.
- Public health programs like RBSK play a key role in screening children in India.
- Linking identified children to District Early Intervention Centers ensures planned interventions.
Abstract:
The early part of childhood especially the first 1000 days plays an essential role in the growth and development of the child. Various internal and external factors affect the child's development, including genetic factors, socioeconomic status, sociocultural environment, maternal mental health, and the parenting environment. There is a high prevalence of developmental delay 17.6% globally, whereas in India, it is around 6.6%. Numerous screening tools are available to detect developmental delay in the child early. Early identification and intervention are crucial because we can have a better outcome for the child if intervention is performed on time. The children can be identified during the postnatal follow-up period. Literature has shown that few parents take their children for regular developmental assessment after delivery. Identifying the developmental impairment early from a primary care physician's point of view is essential. In India under the Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Kariyakram (RBSK), the children are screened at home, Anganwadi centers, and schools to detect at-risk children under 4D's, so that early intervention can be planned by linking them to District Early Intervention Center.
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