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Related Concept Videos

Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

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Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
336
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists01:28

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists

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Neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors are distributed across the GI tract, vagal afferents, and key CNS regions including the central vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Chemotherapy agents stimulate enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to release large amounts of substance P (SP). SP is a neuropeptide released by specific sensory nerves in response to many different stressors, including those in the GI mucosa affected by chemotherapy.  SP binds and activates...
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Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects01:12

Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects

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While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
Once absorbed into the systemic circulation, local anesthetics can affect the organs that depend on the functioning of sodium...
411
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists01:29

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists

261
Dopamine receptor antagonists, also known as antipsychotic agents, are critical in managing chemotherapy-induced vomiting. These antiemetic agents block dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), inhibiting signal transmission to the vomiting center. Antipsychotic agents encompass phenothiazines (PTZ), butyrophenones, benzamides, and thienobenzodiazepines (Zyprexa), which are utilized for their antiemetic and sedative properties.
Phenothiazines, such as prochlorperazine...
261
Disorders of the Nervous Tissue01:28

Disorders of the Nervous Tissue

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Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
Homeostatic Imbalances:
Alzheimer's disease manifests as a gradual decline in memory and cognitive abilities, attributed to the buildup of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain.
Parkinson's disease arises from the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2025

Nerve Excitability Assessment in Chemotherapy-induced Neurotoxicity
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Neuro-oncologic Emergencies.

Carolina B Maciel, Katharina M Busl

    Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.)
    |June 3, 2024
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    This summary is machine-generated.

    Neuro-oncologic emergencies are increasing due to cancer. This review covers epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of acute neurological complications from brain tumors and cancer treatments.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Oncology

    Background:

    • Cancer is a leading cause of death, with neuro-oncologic emergencies becoming more frequent.
    • Neurologic complications arise from primary central nervous system malignancies and systemic cancers.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To highlight epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of acute neurologic complications in cancer patients.
    • To classify complications into tumor-related, tumor-mediated, and treatment-related categories.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of epidemiology, diagnosis, and management strategies.
    • Thematic classification of neuro-oncologic emergencies.

    Main Results:

    • Systemic disease progression drives mortality, but intracranial complications cause neurologic deaths.
    • Understanding tumor characteristics aids risk stratification.
    • Standardized management of neurotoxic syndromes is crucial for outcomes.

    Conclusions:

    • Neuro-oncologic emergencies require interdisciplinary expertise.
    • Management necessitates understanding neuroimmunology, CSF dynamics, and neuroanatomy.