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A Novel Coated Suture Displays Antimicrobial Activity Without Compromising Structural Properties
Umer Daood1, Muhammad Sharjeel Ilyas2, Mariam Ashraf3
1Associate Professor, Head of Restorative Division, Division of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Background:
Treated or coated sutures promise to prevent contamination of wounds.
Purpose:
The purpose of the study was to coat surgical sutures with a new quaternary ammonium silane (QAS) antimicrobial compound at two different application temperatures and then to evaluate the resulting structural, physical, mechanical, and biological properties.
Study Design, Setting, Sample:
In vitro and in vivo studies were conducted using male albino Wistar rats approved by the Joint Ethical Committee of IMU and Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore. Only suture samples, coated uniformly with verified presence of the compound and of adequate length were used. Samples which were not coated uniformly and with inadequate length or damaged were excluded.
Predictor Variable:
Predictor variables were sutures with and without QAS coatings and different temperatures. Sutures were coated with QAS at 0.5 and 1.0% wt/vol using the dip coating technique and sutures with and without QAS coating were tested at 25 and 40 °C temperatures.
Main Outcome Variable(S):
Outcome variables of structural and physico-mechanical properties of QAS-coated and non-coated sutures were measured using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (for structural changes), confocal laser and scanning electron (for diameter changes), and tensile strength/modulus (for mechanical testing). Biologic outcome variables were tested (bacterial viability); macrophage cultures from Wistar rats were tested (M1/M2 polarization detecting IL-6 and IL-10). Macrophage cells were analyzed with CD80+ (M1) and CD163+ (M2). Chemotaxis index was calculated as a ratio of quantitative fluorescence of cells.
Covariates:
Not applicable.
Analyses:
Ordinal data among groups were compared using the Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney U test along with the comparison of histological analysis using the Wilcoxon Sign-rank test (P < .05).
Results:
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy peak at 1490 cm-1 confirmed the presence of QAS on suture's surfaces with a significant increase (P < .05) in diameter (0.99 ± 0.5-mm) and weight (0.77 ± 0.02-mg) observed for 1% QAS groups treated at 40 °C. Non-coated samples heated at 25 °C had significantly (P < .05) less diameters (0.22 ± 0.03-mm) and weights (0.26 ± 0.06-mg). Highest tensile strength/modulus was observed for 0.5% QAS-coated samples which also had significantly higher antibacterial characteristics than other sutures (P < .05). QAS-coated sutures significantly increased M1 and M2 markers.
Conclusion And Relevance:
QAS coating conferred antibacterial action properties without compromising the physical and mechanical properties of the suture.
