Ocular Surface Health in Connection with Anxiety and Depression: a Review

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Psychiatry
• Psychosomatic Medicine

Background:

• Psychosomatic ophthalmology addresses conditions where psychological distress impacts eye health.
• Dry eye disease (DED) is a prevalent ocular disorder exacerbated by environmental factors and sleep disturbances.
• Existing research indicates a higher incidence and symptom severity of DED in individuals with depression and/or anxiety.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the evidence linking anxiety, depression, and dry eye disease.
• To summarize recent research advancements in this psychosomatic field.
• To provide a concise overview of stress physiology relevant to psychological disorders.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies investigating the association between mental health and dry eye disease.
• Analysis of research on the role of neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, in tear composition.
• Synthesis of findings on the physiological mechanisms of stress and psychological disorders.

Main Results:

• Consistent evidence demonstrates a significant correlation between depression/anxiety and increased prevalence/severity of dry eye disease.
• Preliminary findings suggest that serotonin levels in tears may be altered in patients with these psychological conditions.
• Stress-induced physiological changes can contribute to the development or exacerbation of mental health issues.

Conclusions:

• A clear link exists between psychological distress (anxiety, depression) and dry eye disease.
• Further research into the neurobiological mechanisms, including serotonin pathways, is warranted.
• Understanding the psychosomatic interplay is crucial for comprehensive patient care in ophthalmology and psychiatry.