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Does pasteurization inactivate bird flu virus in milk?

Pengfei Cui1, Yichao Zhuang1, Yaping Zhang1

  • 1State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Harbin, People's Republic of China.

Emerging Microbes & Infections
|June 4, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) in dairy cows is inactivated by standard pasteurization. This study confirms that pasteurized milk is safe for consumers, despite H5N1 virus presence in some raw milk samples.

Keywords:
H5N1Influenza A virusPasteurizationclade 2.3.4.4bmilk

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Food Safety Science
  • Public Health Microbiology

Background:

  • Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b has been detected in US dairy cows, causing unusual symptoms and milk production drops.
  • The virus has been found in retail milk, raising concerns about its thermal stability and inactivation by pasteurization.
  • Limited data exists on the effectiveness of pasteurization against H5N1 in milk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the thermal stability of H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b viruses and other influenza subtypes.
  • To assess the efficacy of standard pasteurization methods in inactivating these viruses in raw milk.

Main Methods:

  • Tested thermal stability of H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b, human H3N2, and other influenza subtypes (H1, H3, H7, H9, H10).
  • Assessed the effectiveness of pasteurization in inactivating these viruses in raw milk samples.

Main Results:

  • Avian H3 virus showed the highest thermal stability; H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b viruses exhibited moderate thermal stability.
  • Standard pasteurization methods effectively inactivated all tested influenza virus subtypes in raw milk.
  • No safety risk was identified for consumers of thermally pasteurized milk products.

Conclusions:

  • Standard pasteurization effectively inactivates avian influenza H5N1 and other tested influenza subtypes in milk.
  • Thermally pasteurized milk is safe for consumption, even with the presence of H5N1 in raw milk sources.