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Interactions between parenting styles, child anxiety, and oppositionality in selective mutism
Ortal Slobodin1, Maayan Shorer2,3, Gilor Friedman Zeltzer4
1School of Education, Ben-Gurion University, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel. ortal.slobodin@gmail.com.
European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
|June 4, 2024
Summary
Selective mutism (SM) is linked to parenting styles and child behaviors. Authoritative parenting was lower in families with SM, and child anxiety/oppositionality influenced parenting effects.
Area of Science:
- Child Psychology
- Developmental Psychology
- Clinical Psychiatry
Background:
- Selective mutism (SM) is a complex disorder with ongoing debate about its causes.
- Previous research often studied child and parent factors in isolation.
- Genetic vulnerability and parenting may interact in SM development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the interplay between child behaviors (internalizing/externalizing) and parenting styles in relation to SM diagnosis.
- To understand how child anxiety and oppositionality moderate parenting effects on SM.
- To examine parenting practices in families with and without SM.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional study involving 285 children (3-7 years) and their parents.
- Included 66 children diagnosed with SM and 219 typically developing children.
- Utilized parent-completed questionnaires assessing child social anxiety, oppositional behavior, SM severity, and parenting styles (authoritative, permissive, authoritarian).
Main Results:
- Parents of children with SM reported significantly lower levels of authoritative parenting practices.
- Child social anxiety and oppositionality acted as moderators, influencing the impact of authoritative and authoritarian parenting on SM diagnosis.
- These child characteristics may explain differential susceptibility to parenting styles.
Conclusions:
- Parenting styles, particularly authoritative practices, are associated with selective mutism.
- Child's internalizing (anxiety) and externalizing (oppositionality) behaviors play a crucial role in how parenting influences SM.
- Interventions for SM may benefit from considering both parenting strategies and child-specific behavioral factors.
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