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Binary quantum random number generator based on value indefinite observables.

Cristian S Calude1, Karl Svozil2

  • 1School of Computer Science, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.

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|June 4, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Quantum random number generators require at least three dimensions. This study constructs three-dimensional generators producing maximally unpredictable binary random outputs, matching ternary generator randomness.

Keywords:
Kochen–Specker TheoremLocated Kochen–Specker TheoremMaximal unpredictable sequencesQuantum value indefinite observableThree-dimensional quantum random generator quantum

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Quantum Foundations
  • Quantum Computing

Background:

  • Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) leverage quantum mechanics for true randomness.
  • The Kochen-Specker Theorem is crucial for device-independent QRNGs, restricting measurement choices.
  • Previous QRNGs often required higher dimensions (≥3D) due to theorem constraints.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To construct novel quantum random number generators.
  • To explore the use of three-dimensional value indefinite observables for QRNGs.
  • To achieve maximally unpredictable binary random outputs from a 3D system.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a three-dimensional value indefinite observable for quantum measurements.
  • Designing a quantum circuit or physical system implementing this observable.
  • Analyzing the statistical properties of the generated random numbers.

Main Results:

  • Successfully constructed quantum random number generators based on a 3D observable.
  • Generated binary quantum random outputs.
  • Demonstrated that these binary outputs possess the same maximal unpredictability as ternary outputs from higher-dimensional systems.

Conclusions:

  • Three-dimensional quantum systems are sufficient for generating high-quality random numbers.
  • Binary random outputs from 3D QRNGs offer comparable randomness to ternary outputs.
  • This work expands the practical implementation of device-independent QRNGs.