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Multiscale 3D printing via active nozzle size and shape control.

Seok Won Kang¹, Jochen Mueller¹

¹Department of Civil and Systems Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Science Advances

|June 5, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

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Adaptive nozzle 3D printing (AN3DP) dynamically changes nozzle size for high resolution and speed. This innovation enables printing complex multiscale architectures and advanced bioprinted implants.

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Mechanical Engineering
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Traditional 3D printing faces a resolution-speed trade-off due to fixed nozzle diameters.
This limitation hinders the fabrication of multiscale architectures with both bulk and intricate features.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce adaptive nozzle 3D printing (AN3DP) for dynamic nozzle diameter and shape control.
To overcome the resolution-speed conflict in extrusion-based 3D printing.

Main Methods:

Developed an AN3DP system with eight controllable, tendon-driven pins around a flexible membrane.
Optimized nozzle design for shear-thinning inks and constrained-space printing (conformal, embedded).

Main Results:

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Last Updated: Jun 24, 2025

Core/shell Printing Scaffolds For Tissue Engineering Of Tubular Structures

Core/shell Printing Scaffolds For Tissue Engineering Of Tubular Structures

Published on: September 27, 2019

Planar and Three-Dimensional Printing of Conductive Inks

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Published on: December 9, 2011

Design of an Open-Source, Low-Cost Bioink and Food Melt Extrusion 3D Printer

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Published on: March 2, 2020

Demonstrated fabrication of components with continuous gradients, avoiding discretization.
Achieved enhanced density and contour precision compared to conventional 3D printing.
Successfully printed cell-laden and hierarchical implants with bone-like microarchitecture.

Conclusions:

AN3DP significantly expands the capabilities of extrusion-based 3D printing.
The technology facilitates diverse applications, including advanced bioprinting.
AN3DP enables the creation of complex, high-precision structures previously unattainable.