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Related Concept Videos

Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
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Active versus Passive Immunity01:31

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Immunity, along with the ability to limit pathogen growth to prevent significant body tissue damage, can be gained either by (1) actively developing an immune response within the individual after exposure to a pathogen or after getting vaccinated or (2) passively transferring immune components from an immune individual to one who is nonimmune. Both these forms of immunity can be found naturally and in medical practices.
Active Immunity
Active immunity refers to the resistance one develops...
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Transcytosis of IgG01:15

Transcytosis of IgG

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Transcytosis is the process in which molecules are internalized by endocytosis, transported across the cell, and released through exocytosis from the opposite end of the cell. Molecules such as insulin, immunoglobulins, and certain nutrients are transferred through the recycling endosomes by recycling and transcytosis.
IgG molecules from a mother undergo transcytosis starting around 13 weeks of gestation. The amount of IgG transferred and entering the fetal blood circulation increases with...
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Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

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The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
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Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

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Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
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Isolation of Uterine Innate Lymphoid Cells for Analysis by Flow Cytometry
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Immunity and pregnancy.

T J Gill

    Critical Reviews in Immunology
    |January 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    The maternal immune system responds to fetal antigens, a process linked to cell surface antigen polymorphisms, especially within the major histocompatibility complex. This review explores immune responses and genetic factors in fetal development and abnormalities.

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    Isolation of Leukocytes from the Murine Tissues at the Maternal-Fetal Interface
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    Isolation of Leukocytes from the Human Maternal-fetal Interface
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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Reproductive Biology
    • Genetics

    Background:

    • The maternal immune response to fetal antigens appears paradoxical, as immunity typically defends against foreign entities.
    • This response may serve physiological roles or be incidental, closely tied to cell surface antigen polymorphisms.
    • The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes significantly influence these antigen variations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the nature of humoral and cellular immune responses to the fetus and placenta.
    • To examine the genetic factors influencing maternal-fetal immune interactions.
    • To address genetic influences on development, including spontaneous abortion and abnormalities.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on maternal-fetal immunology.
    • Analysis of genetic polymorphisms, particularly those within the major histocompatibility complex.
    • Examination of studies on developmental processes and genetic control of abnormalities.

    Main Results:

    • The maternal immune system mounts both humoral and cellular responses against paternally derived fetal and placental antigens.
    • Polymorphisms in cell surface antigens, especially MHC-related ones, are strongly associated with these immune responses.
    • Genetic factors play a crucial role in modulating these immune responses and influencing developmental outcomes.

    Conclusions:

    • The maternal immune response to the fetus is a complex phenomenon influenced by genetic polymorphisms.
    • Understanding these interactions is vital for comprehending reproductive success and developmental health.
    • Further research into MHC and other genetic factors can illuminate mechanisms of spontaneous abortion and congenital abnormalities.