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Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
Published on: January 7, 2019
Emerging delivery strategy for oncolytic virotherapy
Jiao Zhu1,2, Jinhu Ma1, Meijuan Huang2
1Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Abstract:
Oncolytic virotherapy represents a promising approach in cancer immunotherapy. The primary delivery method for oncolytic viruses (OVs) is intratumoral injection, which apparently limits their clinical application. For patients with advanced cancer with disseminated metastasis, systemic administration is considered the optimal approach. However, the direct delivery of naked viruses through intravenous injection presents challenges, including rapid clearance by the immune system, inadequate accumulation in tumors, and significant side effects. Consequently, the development of drug delivery strategies has led to the emergence of various bio-materials serving as viral vectors, thereby improving the anti-tumor efficacy of oncolytic virotherapy. This review provides an overview of innovative strategies for delivering OVs, with a focus on nanoparticle-based or cell-based delivery systems. Recent pre-clinical and clinical studies are examined to highlight the enhanced efficacy of systemic delivery using these novel platforms. In addition, prevalent challenges in current research are briefly discussed, and potential solutions are proposed.
Insights
Oncolytic virotherapy using oncolytic viruses (OVs) shows promise for cancer treatment. Novel nanoparticle and cell-based delivery systems enhance systemic OV administration, improving anti-tumor efficacy and overcoming delivery challenges.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunotherapy
- Nanotechnology
- Virology
Background:
- Oncolytic virotherapy is a promising cancer immunotherapy.
- Intratumoral injection of oncolytic viruses (OVs) limits clinical application for metastatic cancers.
- Systemic administration of OVs faces challenges like immune clearance and poor tumor accumulation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review innovative strategies for systemic delivery of oncolytic viruses (OVs).
- To focus on nanoparticle-based and cell-based delivery systems for OVs.
- To examine pre-clinical and clinical studies on enhanced OV delivery platforms.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent pre-clinical and clinical studies.
- Focus on nanoparticle and cell-based delivery systems for oncolytic viruses.
- Analysis of strategies to improve systemic OV delivery and anti-tumor efficacy.
Main Results:
- Nanoparticle and cell-based delivery systems enhance systemic oncolytic virotherapy.
- Novel platforms improve OV accumulation in tumors and reduce side effects.
- These strategies show increased anti-tumor efficacy in recent studies.
Conclusions:
- Systemic delivery of oncolytic viruses (OVs) is crucial for advanced cancers.
- Nanoparticle and cell-based systems offer effective strategies for OV delivery.
- Further research and solutions are needed to address current challenges in OV delivery.
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