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Somatosensation

Somatosensation

The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.

Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System

Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System

The somatosensory system is the central and peripheral nervous system component that senses and processes touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and body position or proprioception. The process of sensation takes place at three levels:
The receptor level:
The receptor level is the first stage of sensation. It involves the detection of a stimulus by specialized sensory receptors. The stimulus must arrive within the receptor's receptive field. Next, the receptor converts the energy of the...

Introduction to Special Senses

Introduction to Special Senses

Sensory receptors play an integral part in comprehending our external and internal environments. They receive diverse stimuli, converting them into the nervous system's electrochemical signals. This conversion occurs as the stimulus alters the sensory neuron's cell membrane potential, instigating the generation of an action potential. This action potential is subsequently transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), which integrates with other sensory data or higher cognitive...

What is a Sensory System?

What is a Sensory System?

Sensory systems detect stimuli—such as light and sound waves—and transduce them into neural signals that can be interpreted by the nervous system. In addition to external stimuli detected by the senses, some sensory systems detect internal stimuli—such as the proprioceptors in muscles and tendons that send feedback about limb position.

Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways

Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways

Somatic sensory or somatosensory pathways refer to the neural pathways that carry information related to touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and proprioception from the skin, muscles, tendons, and joints to the brain. These pathways involve several stages of processing and integration of sensory information.
The somatosensory system is divided into three main pathways: the dorsal (or posterior) column-medial lemniscus, spinothalamic (or anterolateral), and spinocerebellar pathways.
The dorsal...

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...

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Updated: Jun 24, 2025

Fabrication of the Composite Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface C-RPNI in the Adult Rat

Fabrication of the Composite Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface C-RPNI in the Adult Rat

Published on: February 25, 2020

Human somatosensory systems based on sensor-memory-integrated technology.

Yanfang Meng¹, Guanggui Cheng¹

¹Institute of Intelligent Flexible Mechatronics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, 212013, China. ggcheng@ujs.edu.cn.

|June 7, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Artificial sensory systems (ASSs) integrate sensing and memory for miniaturized devices. Research into memristor-based sensor-memory integration addresses challenges in hardware size and power consumption for advanced automation.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science and Engineering
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
Neuroscience and Bio-inspired Engineering

Background:

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are evolving into artificial sensory systems (ASSs) for integrated sensing and memory functions.
Recent advancements in ASSs show progress from low-degree to high-degree integration and from single-modal to multi-modal perception.
Current ASSs face challenges with large hardware footprints, high power consumption, and communication bandwidth limitations during signal processing.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the fundamental knowledge of memristor mechanisms relevant to sensor-memory integration.
To explore representative human somatosensory systems as biological inspiration for artificial systems.
To elucidate the relationship between memristor device properties and structural characteristics for enhanced sensor-memory integration.

Main Methods:

Review of memristor device physics and operational principles.
Analysis of human somatosensory system architectures and functionalities.
Correlation of memristor material properties and device structures with sensing and memory capabilities.

Main Results:

Established the foundational understanding of memristor mechanisms for integrated sensing and memory.
Highlighted the potential of memristor-based technologies to overcome current limitations in ASS hardware and power efficiency.
Discussed the electronic characteristics of memristor-based sensors and their integration prospects.

Conclusions:

Memristor-based sensor-memory integrated technologies offer a promising pathway towards highly miniaturized and efficient artificial sensory systems.
Further research into memristor device physics, material science, and system architecture is crucial for realizing advanced ASS applications.
Addressing key challenges in sensor-memory integration will accelerate progress in precise instrumentation, sensing, and automation engineering.