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Arbovirus Infections As Screening Tools for the Identification of Viral Immunomodulators and Host Antiviral Factors
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Viral strategies to antagonize the host antiviral innate immunity: an indispensable research direction for emerging

Na Chen1, Jiayu Jin1, Baoge Zhang2

  • 1MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunity of Jiangsu Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.

Emerging Microbes & Infections
|June 7, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Emerging viruses like SARS-CoV-2 and MPXV threaten public health by antagonizing innate immunity. Understanding these viral strategies is crucial for developing new antiviral therapies and combating global health risks.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Emerging viruses, including SARS-CoV-2 and MPXV, pose significant global health threats.
  • Mutant SARS-CoV-2 strains demonstrate enhanced immune evasion, increasing transmissibility.
  • Research into MPXV's immune antagonism strategies is in early stages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the diverse strategies employed by emerging viruses to antagonize host antiviral innate immunity.
  • To provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of viral immune evasion.
  • To accelerate research on emerging virus-host interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Review and interpretation of existing studies on viral antagonism of innate immunity.
  • Analysis of viral strategies targeting innate immune signaling pathways.
  • Examination of the roles of host factors and ncRNAs in viral immune evasion.

Main Results:

  • Viruses antagonize innate immunity by directly or indirectly blocking signaling pathways.
  • Proviral host factors, restriction factors, and various ncRNAs are key in indirect immune suppression.
  • Viruses manipulate host processes like apoptosis, ER stress, and metabolism to evade immunity.

Conclusions:

  • Viruses employ multifaceted strategies, including transcriptional and post-translational regulation, to counteract host antiviral defenses.
  • Understanding these viral immune evasion mechanisms is vital for developing effective interventions against emerging infectious diseases.
  • This review highlights critical areas for future research into molecular mechanisms of viral antagonism.
Keywords:
Emerging virusesIAVSARS-CoV-2antagonismhost antiviral innate immunityinterferon productioninterferon responses

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