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Global Climate Change

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Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2025

Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions

Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions

Published on: March 31, 2023

Navigating tensions in climate change-related planned relocation.

Giovanna Gini^1,2, Annah Piggott-McKellar^3,4, Hanne Wiegel⁵

¹School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

|June 7, 2024

Summary

Planned community relocations due to climate change risks often fail. This paper identifies key tensions in relocation processes and offers strategies for more equitable and sustainable outcomes.

Keywords:

Climate adaptation Climate justice Climate risk Disaster risk reduction Loss and damage Managed retreat

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Last Updated: Jun 24, 2025

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Area of Science:

Climate Change Adaptation
Environmental Sociology
Disaster Risk Reduction

Background:

Planned relocation is a key climate change adaptation strategy.
Existing relocations frequently result in negative outcomes for communities.
Addressing these challenges requires understanding fundamental tensions in relocation processes.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify and analyze critical tensions in planned relocation processes.
To contribute to developing guidelines for just and sustainable relocation.
To foster equitable and sustainable relocation outcomes.

Main Methods:

Analysis of three fundamental tensions: risk conceptualization, community engagement, and policy/funding silos.
Drawing on collective experience from 29 international researchers, policymakers, and practitioners.
Developing collaborative strategies for navigating these tensions.

Main Results:

Identified key tensions in planned relocation: risk perception, community consultation, and policy fragmentation.
Highlighted the need for multi-level actor collaboration to address these tensions.
Emphasized the importance of equitable and sustainable processes for successful relocation.

Conclusions:

Planned relocations require careful navigation of inherent tensions for success.
Collaborative approaches involving all stakeholders are crucial for equitable outcomes.
Developing robust guidelines can improve the sustainability and justice of climate-driven relocations.