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Related Concept Videos

Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

579
Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
579

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Related Experiment Video

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A Preterm Rat Model for Pain Studies
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Development of the neonatal pain response variable set: a mixed methods consensus process.

Nanxi Zhu1,2, Bingjie Long1,2, Xinling Zhan1,2

  • 1Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.

European Journal of Pediatrics
|June 8, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study developed a comprehensive neonatal pain response variable set, including contextual factors, to improve pain assessment accuracy in clinical settings. The new set addresses limitations of existing scales by incorporating environmental and individual differences.

Keywords:
Assessment IndicatorInfluencing factorNeonateNursing assessmentPain

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal care
  • Pain management
  • Clinical assessment

Background:

  • Over 40 neonatal pain scales exist, but lack of consensus yields over 100 indicators with variable quality.
  • Current scales often neglect clinical complexity and individual differences, reducing accuracy.
  • No gold standard exists for neonatal pain assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish consensus on optimal variables for neonatal pain assessment.
  • To develop a multidimensional neonatal pain response variable set.
  • To enhance the accuracy and applicability of neonatal pain assessment tools.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review to identify pain assessment factors and indicators.
  • Panel meetings with neonatal healthcare professionals for initial screening.
  • Two rounds of Delphi study with 16 professionals to achieve consensus.

Main Results:

  • Identified factors categorized into contextual, physiological, and behavioral variables.
  • Delphi study achieved high response rates (>70%) and authority coefficients (>0.7).
  • Final variable set includes 9 contextual, 2 physiological, and 5 behavioral variables.

Conclusions:

  • The developed neonatal pain response variable set is scientific, comprehensive, and multidimensional.
  • Incorporating contextual variables improves assessment in complex clinical environments.
  • Provides a basis for improved clinical research and practice in neonatal pain assessment.