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Multitrait genetic parameter estimates in a Tenebrio molitor reference population: high potential for breeding gains.
E Sellem1, K Paul1, A Donkpegan2
1Ÿnsect, R&D Biotech Innovations, Evry 91000, France.
Summary
Insect farming, particularly Tenebrio molitor, offers a sustainable protein source. This study quantifies heritability for traits like reproduction and growth, revealing potential for selective breeding in insect agriculture.
Area of Science:
- Animal Genetics and Breeding
- Entomology
- Sustainable Agriculture
Background:
- Insects, like Tenebrio molitor (mealworm), are a sustainable alternative for high-quality protein production, addressing climate and environmental concerns.
- Industrial-scale insect farming requires enhanced breeding techniques and genetic management, yet data on heritable traits in Tenebrio molitor is scarce.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine genetic parameters, including heritability and genetic correlations, for key agronomic traits in Tenebrio molitor.
- To provide foundational data for developing selective breeding programs to improve insect farming efficiency and sustainability.
Main Methods:
- A reference population of 1,931 Tenebrio molitor sib-groups was established using single-pair mating.
- Over four generations, 29,599 offspring were phenotyped for reproduction, larval growth, survival, pupation rate, and developmental time.
- Linear animal models were employed to estimate additive genetic and common environmental effects.
Main Results:
- Significant phenotypic variability was observed for traits such as total oviposition (0-680 eggs) and larval body mass (36.3-206.8 mg).
- Heritability estimates ranged from 0.06 to 0.54, indicating moderate to substantial genetic influence on traits like reproduction and growth.
- Genetic correlations revealed trade-offs, such as between developmental time and pupal weight (r² = 0.48 ± 0.06).
Conclusions:
- The substantial phenotypic variation and promising heritability values for Tenebrio molitor traits support the feasibility of genetic improvement.
- These findings provide a critical foundation for implementing effective breeding programs to optimize insect production for sustainable protein sourcing.
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