Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 13, 2026
05:10
Gasless Endoscopic Thyroidectomy via the Trans-Axillary Approach
Published on: September 15, 2023
945
Retrosternal thyrothymic remnant affects completeness of thyroidectomy: A case report.
Emin Gurleyik1, Emin Gonullu1, Erman Yekenkurul1
1Department of Surgery, Duzce University, Faculty of Medicine, Duzce, Turkey.
International Journal of Surgery Case Reports
|June 8, 2024
Summary
Embryologic variants can lead to residual thyroid tissue after thyroidectomy, impacting hormone levels. Surgeon awareness of these anatomic variations is crucial for successful thyroid surgery outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Surgical Anatomy
- Embryology
Background:
- Thyroidectomy is the primary treatment for many thyroid disorders.
- Embryologic anatomical variants can complicate complete thyroid tissue removal.
Related Concept Videos
01:23The Thyroid Gland
The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
01:27Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology
Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...