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Selective and sensitive CQD-based sensing platform for Cu2+ detection in Wilson's disease.

Armin Zarei1, Aram Rezaei2, Mohsen Shahlaei3

  • 1The Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory (OCRL), Department of Chemistry, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45371-38791, Iran.

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|June 8, 2024
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Summary

This study introduces a novel fluorescence sensor using carbon quantum dots (CQDs) for detecting copper ions (Cu2+). The sensor shows high accuracy in identifying copper levels in serum, aiding in early Wilson

Keywords:
Carbon quantum dotsCu(II) detectionFluorescent sensorTurn-on and turn-off states mechanismWilson’s disease

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Biomedical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Excessive copper (Cu2+) intake is linked to neurological disorders like Wilson's disease (WD) and organ damage.
  • Accurate copper level measurement is critical for early WD diagnosis and clinical management.
  • Existing diagnostic methods may require improvement in sensitivity and accessibility for widespread clinical use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel, facile fluorescence-based sensing platform for detecting Cu(II) ions.
  • To investigate the sensor's performance in aqueous solutions and biological samples (serum).
  • To evaluate the potential of the sensor as a diagnostic tool for Wilson's disease.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) using a facile technique.
  • Development of a fluorescence-based assay for Cu(II) detection, utilizing Turn-on and Turn-off states.
  • Validation of the CQD sensor against Inductively Coupled Plasma - Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) using serum samples.

Main Results:

  • The CQD sensor demonstrated distinct Turn-on and Turn-off fluorescence responses for Cu(II) at nano-molar and micro-molar levels, respectively.
  • Achieved low limits of detection (LODs) of 0.001 µM for nano-molar detection and 1 µM for micro-molar detection.
  • Exhibited excellent correlation with ICP-OES results in analyzing serum samples from healthy and WD-affected individuals.

Conclusions:

  • The developed CQD-based fluorescence probe offers a sensitive, selective, and accurate method for Cu(II) detection.
  • The sensor's ability to detect Cu(II) in serum samples highlights its potential as a diagnostic tool for Wilson's disease.
  • This research presents a novel approach for low-level Cu(II) detection using dual complexation states, paving the way for clinical applications.