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Related Concept Videos

Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

2.8K
Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when...
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Long-term Depression01:05

Long-term Depression

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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Graded Potential01:19

Graded Potential

3.8K
Graded potentials are localized fluctuations in the cell membrane's electrical charge, commonly found in the dendrites of neurons. The magnitude of these potential changes depends on the strength of the initiating stimulus. In a membrane at its resting potential, a graded potential signifies a voltage shift either above -70 mV or below -70 mV.
Graded potentials fall into two categories: depolarizing and hyperpolarizing. Depolarizing graded potentials typically occur when sodium (Na+) or...
3.8K
Postsynaptic Potential (PSP)01:32

Postsynaptic Potential (PSP)

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Postsynaptic potential (PSP) refers to a change in the electrical potential of a neuron when neurotransmitters released by presynaptic neurons bind to postsynaptic receptors. This potential can either be excitatory, leading to depolarization and ultimately action potential generation, or inhibitory, leading to hyperpolarization and suppression of the postsynaptic neuron.
There are two types of receptors: ionotropic and metabotropic.
The ionotropic receptor is the membrane protein that has an...
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Action Potential01:31

Action Potential

7.9K
Neurons communicate by firing action potentials—the electrochemical signal that is propagated along the axon. The signal results in the release of neurotransmitters at axon terminals, thereby transmitting information to the nervous system. An action potential is a specific "all-or-none" change in membrane potential that results in a rapid spike in voltage.
Membrane potential in neurons
Neurons typically have a resting membrane potential of about -70 millivolts (mV). When they...
7.9K
Integration of Synaptic Events01:28

Integration of Synaptic Events

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Synaptic integration mainly includes the summation of graded potentials. Graded potentials, regardless of their type, cause subtle alterations in membrane voltage, resulting in either depolarization or hyperpolarization. These incremental changes, when combined or summed, can propel the neuron toward its threshold. Consider, for example, a membrane experiencing a +15 mV shift, causing it to depolarize from -70 mV to -55 mV. In this scenario, graded potentials govern the membrane's ability to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2025

Improved Preparation and Preservation of Hippocampal Mouse Slices for a Very Stable and Reproducible Recording of Long-term Potentiation
09:39

Improved Preparation and Preservation of Hippocampal Mouse Slices for a Very Stable and Reproducible Recording of Long-term Potentiation

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Long-term potentiation: 50 years on: past, present and future.

W C Abraham1, T V P Bliss2, G L Collingridge3,4

  • 1Department of Psychology, Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
|June 10, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This review celebrates 50 years of long-term potentiation (LTP), a key mechanism in learning and memory. It highlights current research and controversies in neuroscience, with implications for cognitive disorders.

Keywords:
LTPcognitive disorderslearninglong-term depressionlong-term potentiationmemorysynaptic plasticity

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Long-term Potentiation of Perforant Pathway-dentate Gyrus Synapse in Freely Behaving Mice
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Investigation of Synaptic Tagging/Capture and Cross-capture using Acute Hippocampal Slices from Rodents
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Investigation of Synaptic Tagging/Capture and Cross-capture using Acute Hippocampal Slices from Rodents

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Last Updated: Jun 24, 2025

Improved Preparation and Preservation of Hippocampal Mouse Slices for a Very Stable and Reproducible Recording of Long-term Potentiation
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Commemorates 50 years since the discovery of long-term potentiation (LTP).
  • Follows previous meetings marking the 30th and 40th anniversaries of LTP discovery.
  • Held at the Royal Society, London, on 20-21 November 2023.

Discussion:

  • Summarizes reviews and research from leading speakers.
  • Covers current research and ongoing controversies in LTP.
  • Explores the role of LTP in learning and memory.

Key Insights:

  • LTP is a fundamental process in neurobiology.
  • Advances in understanding LTP have implications for neurological disorders.
  • Current research addresses significant controversies in the field.

Outlook:

  • Future research directions in LTP.
  • Potential therapeutic targets for cognitive and neurological disorders.
  • The continuing evolution of LTP research in neuroscience.