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Minimally invasive power sources for implantable electronics.

Ming Xu1, Yuheng Liu2, Kai Yang1

  • 1Advanced Technology Institute University of Surrey Guildford Surrey UK.

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Summary

Demand for non-invasive implantable medical electronics (IMEs) is rising, but current power sources are limited. This review explores advanced, minimally invasive power solutions for long-term, painless healthcare monitoring and therapy.

Keywords:
energy harvestingenergy storageimplantable electronicspower sourcewireless power

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • Implantable medical electronics (IMEs) are crucial for healthcare monitoring and therapy.
  • Current power sources for IMEs are often rigid, bulky, and lead to immune rejection or limited longevity.
  • There is a growing need for non-invasive, miniaturized power solutions to advance IME development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of historical developments in IMEs and their power sources.
  • To analyze the advantages and limitations of various miniaturized power sources for IMEs.
  • To highlight promising minimally invasive power sources for future IME applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical development of IMEs and miniaturized power sources.
  • Analysis of energy storage devices (batteries, supercapacitors) and energy harvesters (nanogenerators, biofuel cells).
  • Evaluation of wireless power transfer technologies (RF, near-field, ultrasonic, photovoltaic).

Main Results:

  • Recent advances in biocompatible materials and microfabrication enable ultra-flexible, bioresorbable, and multifunctional IMEs.
  • Progress in minimally invasive power sources remains limited, necessitating further research.
  • Three promising categories of minimally invasive power sources are identified: energy storage, energy harvesting, and wireless power transfer.

Conclusions:

  • Minimally invasive power sources are essential for the future of painless, long-term functioning IMEs.
  • Further development in energy storage, harvesting, and wireless power transfer is needed to meet the demands of advanced IMEs.
  • This review offers a comprehensive understanding of power sources for next-generation IMEs in healthcare.