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Meaning as mentalization.

Bálint Forgács1,2

  • 1Department of Experimental and Neurocognitive Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
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PubMed
Summary

Meaning in language is established through mentalistic attribution, not just code retrieval. This involves understanding social partners' intentions, crucial for language acquisition and comprehension.

Keywords:
N400language acquisitionlanguage comprehensionmentalizationpragmaticssemantic processingsocial cognitiontheory-of-mind

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Traditional models separate semantic decoding and pragmatic inference in language comprehension.
  • Pragmatic approaches highlight context-sensitive mechanisms for understanding intended meaning.
  • Language acquisition theories emphasize lexicon building and rule extraction, alongside pragmatic inferences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review pragmatic models of communication and their role in language comprehension.
  • To examine the interpretation of communicative intentions in developmental theories, focusing on mentalization.
  • To discuss infant language processing, code-like features, and social partner comprehension tracking via mentalization.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pragmatic models in communication.
  • Analysis of developmental theories on communication and mentalization.
  • Discussion of research on infant sensitivity to language and social cognition.

Main Results:

  • Recent findings question the strict separation of semantic and pragmatic processes.
  • The N400 brain response suggests early sensitivity of semantic processing to mentalization.
  • Infants demonstrate sensitivity to language's communicative potential and social cues.

Conclusions:

  • Code-based semantic retrieval supplemented by pragmatic inferences is insufficient to model meaning recovery.
  • The semantic system may operate in a fundamentally mentalistic manner.
  • Meaning is established through mentalistic attribution of content to communicative partners during comprehension and acquisition.