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Learning a conserved mechanism for early neuroectoderm morphogenesis.

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    Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling establishes cell gradients that drive tissue shape changes during development. This study models how BMP controls cytoskeletal dynamics for conserved morphogenesis across species.

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    Area of Science:

    • Developmental Biology
    • Cell Biology
    • Biophysics

    Background:

    • Morphogenesis is crucial for organismal development, defining body shape.
    • Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling is vital for establishing the dorsoventral (DV) axis in bilaterians.
    • The precise mechanisms by which BMP controls cytoskeletal dynamics during morphogenetic flow are not fully understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the spatio-temporal dynamics of cytoskeletal proteins in response to BMP signaling.
    • To develop a predictive mathematical model for coupled myosin, E-cadherin, and morphogenetic flow dynamics.
    • To investigate the conserved role of BMP in neuroectoderm morphogenesis across species.

    Main Methods:

    • Machine learning analysis of a Drosophila melanogaster morphodynamic atlas.
    • Construction of a mathematical model integrating cytoskeletal protein dynamics.
    • Mutant analysis to validate the proposed signaling cascade.
    • Experiments using neural tube organoids.

    Main Results:

    • BMP signaling initiates a cascade: DV pair-rule gene patterns, followed by an E-cadherin gradient.
    • A reciprocal myosin gradient is established via mechanochemical feedbacks, opposing the E-cadherin gradient.
    • The model accurately predicts the coupled dynamics of myosin, E-cadherin, and morphogenetic flow.
    • The identified BMP-triggered cascade is conserved in neural tube organoids.

    Conclusions:

    • BMP signaling acts as the initial condition regulator for a conserved system of cytoskeletal dynamics driving morphogenesis.
    • The study reveals a conserved mechanism of neuroectoderm morphogenesis from Drosophila to humans, mediated by BMP.
    • The findings provide a framework for understanding how signaling pathways control tissue shaping through cytoskeletal regulation.