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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
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Updated: Jun 24, 2025

An Oncogenic Hepatocyte-Induced Orthotopic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Cancer Arising in the Setting of Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis
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Immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Xiaoxia Wang1,2, Jun Lu1,2

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This summary is machine-generated.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment is advancing with immunotherapy, offering new hope. This review covers immune checkpoint inhibitors and other emerging therapies for better HCC survival rates.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major global cause of cancer mortality.
  • Poor prognosis is linked to high recurrence rates and limited effective treatments, with a 5-year survival rate around 10%.
  • HCC is recognized as an immunoregulated tumor, making it a target for immunotherapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current immunotherapy strategies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC).
  • To highlight recent research findings in HCC immunotherapy.
  • To provide a reference for clinicians and researchers in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on HCC immunotherapy.
  • Analysis of clinical applications and research findings for various immunotherapeutic agents.
  • Focus on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), adoptive cell therapies, and oncolytic viruses.

Main Results:

  • Immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and combination therapies, shows significant promise in treating solid tumors, including HCC.
  • Emerging immunotherapies like adoptive cell therapies and oncolytic viruses are demonstrating potential for improving long-term survival in HCC patients.
  • Current strategies offer renewed hope for managing HCC, a disease with historically poor outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Immunotherapy represents a significant advancement in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) treatment.
  • Ongoing research and clinical application of immunotherapies like ICIs are crucial for improving patient survival.
  • Emerging therapeutic modalities hold promise for addressing the challenges of HCC recurrence and long-term management.