Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Translesion DNA Polymerases

Translesion DNA Polymerases

Translesion (TLS) polymerases rescue stalled DNA polymerases at sites of damaged bases by replacing the replicative polymerase and installing a nucleotide across the damaged site. Doing so, TLS allows additional time for the cell to repair the damage before resuming regular DNA replication.
TLS polymerases are found in all three domains of life - archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. Of the different classes of TLS polymerases, members of the Y family are fitted with specialized structures that...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Strain-specific differences in the response to egg-derived versus recombinant protein influenza vaccines.

Journal of virology·2026

Same author

Cross-reactive human antibody responses to H5N1 influenza virus neuraminidase are shaped by immune history.

Nature communications·2026

Same author

Strain-specific differences in the response to egg-derived versus recombinant protein influenza vaccines.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

Repeat Influenza Vaccination Effects in 2021/22 and 2022/23 in a Community-Based Cohort in Hong Kong.

The Journal of infectious diseases·2026

Same author

Susceptible host dynamics explain pathogen resilience to perturbations.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026

Same author

Interplay between climate and childhood mixing can explain a sudden shift in RSV seasonality in Japan.

Nature communications·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2025

Constructing Mutants in Serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae strain 519/43

Constructing Mutants in Serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae strain 519/43

Published on: September 11, 2020

A speed limit on serial strain replacement from original antigenic sin.

Lauren McGough¹, Sarah Cobey¹

¹Department of Ecology and Evolution The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|June 10, 2024

Summary

Original antigenic sin (OAS) limits pathogen evolution, creating a "speed limit" for new strain emergence. This immune imprinting prevents highly transmissible pathogens from maintaining serial strain replacement without diversification.

Keywords:

blunting transmissibility traveling waves

More Related Videos

Using Reverse Genetics to Manipulate the NSs Gene of the Rift Valley Fever Virus MP-12 Strain to Improve Vaccine Safety and Efficacy

Using Reverse Genetics to Manipulate the NSs Gene of the Rift Valley Fever Virus MP-12 Strain to Improve Vaccine Safety and Efficacy

Published on: November 1, 2011

Monitoring the Assembly of a Secreted Bacterial Virulence Factor Using Site-specific Crosslinking

Monitoring the Assembly of a Secreted Bacterial Virulence Factor Using Site-specific Crosslinking

Published on: December 17, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 24, 2025

Constructing Mutants in Serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae strain 519/43

Constructing Mutants in Serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae strain 519/43

Published on: September 11, 2020

Using Reverse Genetics to Manipulate the NSs Gene of the Rift Valley Fever Virus MP-12 Strain to Improve Vaccine Safety and Efficacy

Using Reverse Genetics to Manipulate the NSs Gene of the Rift Valley Fever Virus MP-12 Strain to Improve Vaccine Safety and Efficacy

Published on: November 1, 2011

Monitoring the Assembly of a Secreted Bacterial Virulence Factor Using Site-specific Crosslinking

Monitoring the Assembly of a Secreted Bacterial Virulence Factor Using Site-specific Crosslinking

Published on: December 17, 2013

Area of Science:

Immunology
Evolutionary Biology
Epidemiology

Background:

Pathogens evolve to evade host immunity, leading to complex strain dynamics.
Cross-protective immunity, influenced by early exposures (original antigenic sin/OAS), shapes pathogen evolution.
Predicting immune pressure outcomes like diversification or serial replacement remains challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

Derive constraints on successive pathogen strain replacement patterns.
Investigate the role of original antigenic sin (OAS) in pathogen evolution.
Establish theoretical bounds on the emergence of pathogen strain structure.

Main Methods:

Developed a theoretical model of pathogen evolution in antigenic space.
Implemented OAS by decoupling antigenic distances for protection and memory creation.
Analyzed constraints on strain replacement based on antigenic distances.

Main Results:

Original antigenic sin (OAS) imposes a threshold on antigenic distances for maintaining successive strain replacement.
OAS creates a "speed limit" for new strain evolution and a minimum variance in infecting strains.
Limited diversity is maintained with successive strain replacement only if specific conditions on antigenic distances are met.

Conclusions:

Original antigenic sin (OAS) is integral to the emergence of pathogen strain structure.
OAS can prevent highly transmissible pathogens from achieving serial strain replacement without diversification.
Host immune dynamics, particularly OAS, play a crucial role in shaping pathogen evolution patterns.