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Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

Nuclear Protein Sorting

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Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry nuclear localization signals or NLS recognized by import receptors in the cytosol. Similarly, proteins with nuclear export signals are recognized by export receptors. Import and export receptors are...
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Nuclear Localization Signals and Import01:46

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Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry short stretches of amino acid sequences called the nuclear localization signal or NLS. Classical nuclear localization signals are of two types: monopartite and bipartite NLS. Monopartite classical NLS (cNLS) consists of a single cluster of 4-8 amino acids. Bipartite cNLS consists of two clusters of  2-3 amino acids and a 9-12 residue long proline-rich linker bridging the two clusters. Signal clusters are rich in positively charged amino acids such as...
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Nuclear Transmutation03:20

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Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed...
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Updated: Jun 24, 2025

Spatiotemporally Controlled Nuclear Translocation of Guests in Living Cells Using Caged Molecular Glues as Photoactivatable Tags
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Nanoassemblies designed for efficient nuclear targeting.

Michal Skowicki1, Shabnam Tarvirdipour2, Manuel Kraus2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR 1096, Mattenstrasse 22, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; NCCR-Molecular Systems Engineering, BPR 1095, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews
|June 10, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Developing precise nuclear-targeted delivery systems using polymer and peptide nanoassemblies is crucial for advanced gene therapy and cancer treatment. These systems enhance therapeutic efficacy by concentrating agents within the nucleus, minimizing side effects.

Keywords:
MicelleNanoassembliesNuclear localization signalNuclear targetingPeptidicPeptiplexPolymericPolyplex

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Effective treatment of complex diseases requires precise spatiotemporal delivery of therapeutic compounds.
  • Nuclear-targeted delivery systems offer a promising strategy for gene therapy and cancer treatment.
  • Supramolecular nanoassemblies are being explored as vehicles for targeted delivery to the cell nucleus.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the design of supramolecular nanoassemblies for nuclear delivery of therapeutic compounds.
  • To focus on polymer and peptide-based carriers displaying nuclear localization signals.
  • To optimize treatment outcomes by maximizing nuclear concentration of genetic and therapeutic agents.

Main Methods:

  • Investigating principles of nuclear import and the role of nuclear pore complexes in nanosystem targeting.
  • Reviewing cargoes that require nuclear localization for optimal activity.
  • Presenting various peptide- and polymer-based nanoassemblies designed for nuclear targeting.

Main Results:

  • Nanoassemblies can be designed to target the nucleus, enhancing the concentration of therapeutic agents.
  • Peptide- and polymer-based carriers with nuclear localization signals show potential for improved therapeutic response.
  • Understanding cellular uptake, endosomal escape, and nuclear translocation is key for effective nanocarrier design.

Conclusions:

  • Nuclear-targeted nanoassemblies, particularly those based on peptides and polymers, hold significant potential for enhancing gene therapy and cancer treatment.
  • Further advancements are needed for more precise and effective nuclear delivery systems.
  • Optimizing nanocarrier properties is essential to overcome challenges in cellular uptake and nuclear translocation.