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Related Concept Videos

Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

293
Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
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Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

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Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
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Inheritance01:25

Inheritance

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Gregor Mendel's pioneering work on the principles of inheritance fundamentally transformed our understanding of how traits are transmitted from generation to generation. His experiments with pea plants laid the groundwork for the discovery of genes, discrete units within organisms that control heredity.
Each gene exists in pairs, and the combination of these genes from both parents forms an individual's genotype. This genotype is a blueprint of potential traits. Examples of genotype...
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Epistasis Analysis01:09

Epistasis Analysis

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Although Mendel chose seven unrelated traits in peas to study gene segregation, most traits involve multiple gene interactions that create a spectrum of phenotypes. When the interaction of various genes or alleles at different locations influences a phenotype, this is called epistasis. Epistasis often involves one gene masking or interfering with the expression of another (antagonistic epistasis). Epistasis often occurs when different genes are part of the same biochemical pathway. The...
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Heritability01:06

Heritability

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Heritability is a statistical concept that measures the degree to which genetic differences among individuals contribute to trait variations within a population. It is a fundamental idea in genetics, often prone to misinterpretation. Heritability is expressed as a percentage, reflecting the proportion of variation in a specific trait across a population that can be linked to genetic differences. However, it's important to understand that heritability does not determine how "genetic"...
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Human Genetics01:28

Human Genetics

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Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
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Gene-environment Interaction Models to Unmask Susceptibility Mechanisms in Parkinson's Disease
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Genotype × environment interactions in gene regulation and complex traits.

Carly Boye1, Shreya Nirmalan1, Ali Ranjbaran1

  • 1Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, US.

Nature Genetics
|June 10, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Genotype-by-environment interactions (GxE) explain human variation. New approaches integrate genetic and environmental data for a comprehensive view of health and disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Human Genetics
  • Genomics
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Genotype-by-environment interactions (GxE) are crucial for understanding human phenotypic variation.
  • Recent technological advances have highlighted GxE's role in gene regulation and complex traits.
  • Despite progress, a significant portion of complex trait heritability remains unexplained.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of GxE in human gene regulation and complex traits.
  • To advocate for integrated approaches combining genetic and environmental factors in health research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on GxE in human gene regulation and complex traits.
  • Analysis of technological advancements and their impact on GxE research.
  • Discussion of statistical and computational approaches for analyzing complex GxE datasets.

Main Results:

  • GxE significantly contributes to gene regulation and complex traits.
  • Technological progress has enabled deeper insights into GxE.
  • Development of advanced statistical and computational methods is essential for GxE analysis.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive approach integrating genetic and environmental factors is necessary for understanding human health and disease.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the contribution of GxE to heritability.
  • GxE studies are vital for personalized medicine and public health strategies.