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Norton's theorem is a fundamental principle stating that a linear two-terminal circuit can be substituted with an equivalent circuit, which comprises a current source (ⅠN) in parallel with a resistor (RN). Here, ⅠN represents the short-circuit current flowing through the terminals, and RN stands for the input or equivalent resistance at the terminals when all independent sources are deactivated. This implies that the circuit illustrated in Figure (a) can be exchanged with the...
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Norton's theorem is a fundamental concept in the field of electrical engineering that allows for the simplification of complex AC circuits. The theorem states that any two-terminal linear network can be replaced with an equivalent circuit that consists of an impedance, which is parallel with a constant current source. Figure 1 shows the AC circuit portioned into two parts: Circuit A and Circuit B, while Figure 2 depicts the circuit obtained by replacing Circuit A by its Norton equivalent...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2025

Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets
07:45

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Attack on optical cryptosystems by skip connection networks.

Jiaao Wang, Dongfei Wang

    Optics Express
    |June 11, 2024
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces a novel neural network attack on optical cryptosystems, demonstrating their vulnerability. The skip connection network effectively decrypts data, enhancing security analysis for optical encryption methods.

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    Area of Science:

    • Computer Science
    • Cryptography
    • Optical Engineering

    Background:

    • Optical encryption is vital for securing large datasets due to speed and parallel processing.
    • Current cryptanalysis methods for optical systems are complex and lack effectiveness.
    • Existing security analysis lacks breadth and depth.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose a new attack on optical cryptosystems using neural networks.
    • To demonstrate the susceptibility of optical cryptosystems to advanced AI-based attacks.
    • To enhance the security analysis of optical encryption.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a skip connection network model for cryptanalysis.
    • Trained the network on plaintext-ciphertext pairs to derive equivalent keys.
    • Approximated plaintext in high-dimensional space for direct decryption from ciphertext.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed neural network attack successfully decrypts optical cryptosystems.
    • Achieved high-quality decrypted images and accurate decipherment.
    • Demonstrated low computational complexity and wide applicability.

    Conclusions:

    • Optical cryptosystems are vulnerable to neural network-based attacks.
    • The proposed method offers a universal approach for analyzing optical cryptosystem security.
    • This work advances cryptanalysis techniques for optical encryption.