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UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

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The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell.
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Crystalline germanium high-Q microresonators for mid-IR.

Tatiana S Tebeneva, Valery E Lobanov, Dmitry A Chermoshentsev

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    |June 11, 2024
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    Summary

    Researchers developed high-quality germanium microresonators, achieving over 20 million Q-factors for mid-infrared photonics. This breakthrough enhances material potential and enables precise optical loss measurements.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and optical engineering.
    • Materials science for nonlinear optics.

    Background:

    • High-quality-factor optical microresonators are crucial for many applications.
    • The mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectrum lacks suitable materials for nonlinear photonics.
    • Crystalline germanium offers desirable properties like a high nonlinear refractive index and broad transparency.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To fabricate germanium microresonators with ultra-high Q-factors.
    • To investigate optical loss mechanisms in germanium microresonators.
    • To enable precise measurement of nonlinear absorption coefficients in the mid-IR.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of crystalline germanium microresonators with radii of 1.35 and 1.5 mm.
    • Measurement of optical quality factors (Q-factors) at 2.68 µm wavelength.
    • Characterization of two-photon absorption (TPA) and free-carrier absorption using the microresonators.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved Q-factors exceeding 20 million, a hundredfold improvement over previous reports.
    • Q-factors approached the material's absorption limit at 2.68 µm.
    • Measured the TPA coefficient as (0.71 ± 0.12) × 10⁻⁸ m/W at 2.68 µm.

    Conclusions:

    • Ultra-high Q-factor germanium microresonators are demonstrated, overcoming previous loss limitations.
    • Whispering gallery mode microresonators are effective tools for material characterization and loss analysis.
    • These findings pave the way for advanced germanium-based nonlinear photonics in the mid-IR.