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Related Concept Videos

Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic01:26

Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic

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Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) occur in a healthcare facility while a person receives care for another ailment. This category also includes work-related infections among healthcare staff.
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Infection01:20

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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
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Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
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Updated: Jun 24, 2025

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Infections in long-duration space missions.

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  • 1School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.

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Infections are a major threat to astronaut health during space exploration. Understanding spaceflight

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Area of Science:

  • Space Medicine
  • Microbiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Deep space exploration and colonization plans necessitate robust medical preparedness.
  • Infections represent a significant risk to astronaut health and mission success in space.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review infection risks in space.
  • To inform space agencies on infection prevention and management strategies.
  • To explore potential applications for terrestrial healthcare.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of measured and estimated infection incidence in space.
  • Analysis of the effects of the space environment on the human immune system.
  • Examination of changes in microbial behavior in space.
  • Review of current and future infection diagnosis and treatment strategies.

Main Results:

  • Infections pose a substantial threat to astronaut health and mission objectives.
  • The space environment impacts both the human immune system and microbial behavior.
  • Current strategies for infection prevention and management are being developed.
  • Future perspectives for diagnosis and treatment are crucial for long-term space missions.

Conclusions:

  • Enhanced understanding of space infection risks is vital for mission success.
  • This review highlights knowledge gaps in space infection preparedness.
  • Findings can aid crew preparation and inform sepsis management in austere and clinical settings.