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MAIT cell activation and recruitment in inflammation and tissue damage in acute appendicitis

Yichao Zheng1,2, Fei Han1, Zhengyu Wu1

  • 1Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.

Science Advances
|June 12, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells migrate to inflamed appendix tissue during appendicitis. These immune cells contribute to tissue damage, revealing new insights into gut inflammation mechanisms.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are crucial for gut immunity but their migration during inflammation is unclear.
  • Acute pediatric appendicitis (APA) offers a model to study immune cell behavior in intestinal inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate MAIT cell migration mechanisms into inflamed appendix tissue.
  • To understand MAIT cell interactions with the gut mucosa during acute inflammation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of MAIT cell numbers and cytokine production in APA patients.
  • Utilizing patient-derived appendix organoids (PDAO) to model inflammation.
  • Investigating MAIT cell infiltration in response to *Escherichia coli* in PDAO.

Main Results:

  • MAIT cells were reduced in circulation but enriched in inflamed appendix tissue in APA patients.
  • Inflammatory cytokines induced MAIT cell chemokine receptor expression (CCR1, CCR3, CCR4).
  • MAIT cells infiltrated *E. coli*-pulsed PDAO dependent on CCR1, CCR2, and CCR4, causing tissue destruction.

Conclusions:

  • A novel mechanism for MAIT cell tissue homing during intestinal inflammation was identified.
  • MAIT cells actively participate in tissue damage in acute pediatric appendicitis.
  • MAIT cells have a complex role in the host-pathogen interaction within mucosal tissues.

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