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Cardamomin Inhibits the Proliferation and Tumorigenesis of Bladder Cancer by ESR1 in PI3K/AKT Pathway

Peng Zhang1, Dapeng Song2, Zhidong Fang3

  • 1Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China.

Biochemical Genetics
|June 12, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Cardamomin demonstrates significant anti-cancer effects on bladder cancer by inhibiting cell proliferation and invasion. This natural compound upregulates ESR1 expression and impacts the PI3K/AKT pathway, offering a potential therapeutic strategy.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Cardamomin, a compound from cardamom, has shown anti-cancer properties in various studies.
  • Its specific role and mechanism in bladder cancer, particularly concerning the PI3K/AKT pathway, remain underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the anti-cancer effects of cardamomin on bladder cancer cells.
  • To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms, focusing on the Estrogen Receptor 1 (ESR1) and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro studies utilized CCK8 assays, proliferation, apoptosis, and cell migration analyses on bladder cancer cell lines (5637 and HT1376).
  • Western blot and RT-qPCR were employed to assess ESR1 expression and PI3K/AKT pathway activity.
  • In vivo experiments involved subcutaneous tumor models in mice, evaluating tumor growth, KI67 expression, apoptosis (TUNEL assay), and pathway markers.

Main Results:

  • Cardamomin significantly inhibited bladder cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and G0/G1 to S phase transition, while increasing apoptosis.
  • It upregulated ESR1 expression and downregulated the PI3K/AKT pathway in both in vitro and in vivo models.
  • In vivo studies confirmed cardamomin's tumor-inhibitory effects, reducing KI67-positive cells and increasing TUNEL-positive cells.

Conclusions:

  • Cardamomin exhibits a potent inhibitory effect on bladder cancer progression.
  • The anti-tumor activity is mediated through the upregulation of ESR1, leading to the downregulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway.
  • Cardamomin represents a promising therapeutic candidate for bladder cancer treatment.

Keywords:
Bladder cancerCardamominESR1PI3K/AKT pathwayTumorigenesis

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