Deciphering immunodiffusion: In silico optimization for faster protein diagnostics

Immunodiffusion tests offer a simple yet powerful method for detecting protein antigens, but their long assay times hinder clinical utility. We unveil the complex interplay of parameters governing this process using finite element simulations. By meticulously validating our model against real-world data, we elucidate how initial concentrations and diffusivities of antigen and antibody shape the intensity, size, and formation time of the precipitin ring. Our key innovation lies in employing phase diagram analysis to map the combined effects of these parameters on assay performance. This framework enables rapid in silico parameter estimation, paving the way for the design of novel immunodiffusion assays with drastically reduced assay times. The presented approach holds immense potential for optimizing protein diagnostics for fast and reliable diagnostics.