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Sleeve Gastrectomy in Mice using Surgical Clips
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How does bariatric surgery remodel adipose tissue?

Simon Lecoutre1, Clémentine Rebière2, Geneviève Marcelin3

  • 1Research Unit: Nutrition and Obesities; Systemic Approaches, NutriOmics, Inserm, Sorbonne université, Paris, France.

Annales D'Endocrinologie
|June 13, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Obesity causes persistent adipose tissue inflammation and fibrosis, even after weight loss from bariatric surgery. Adipose progenitors contribute to this fibrosis, impacting metabolic health and requiring further research for effective obesity treatments.

Keywords:
Adipose tissueBariatric surgeryFibrosisInflammationWeight loss

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Area of Science:

  • Metabolic research
  • Obesity research
  • Adipose tissue biology

Background:

  • Adipose tissue stores excess energy and undergoes inflammation and fibrosis in obesity.
  • Bariatric surgery induces weight loss but persistent fibro-inflammatory changes in adipose tissue.
  • Lingering fibrosis impairs normal adipose tissue function post-weight loss.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore adipose tissue remodeling and fibrosis post-weight loss, particularly after bariatric surgery.
  • To investigate the role of adipose progenitors in persistent fibrosis.
  • To understand mechanisms driving adipose tissue changes for developing obesity treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of adipose tissue changes following bariatric surgery.
  • Characterization of immune cell profiles and cytokine alterations.
  • Investigation of adipose progenitor cell function and differentiation.
  • Assessment of extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition.

Main Results:

  • Bariatric surgery leads to weight loss but persistent adipose tissue inflammation and fibrosis.
  • Adipose progenitors, especially CD9high subpopulation, contribute to fibrosis and are linked to insulin resistance.
  • Fibrosis persists post-weight loss, correlating with metabolic dysfunction despite improved glucose tolerance.

Conclusions:

  • Persistent adipose tissue fibrosis post-weight loss challenges metabolic recovery.
  • Adipose progenitors play a key role in driving fibrosis.
  • Further research is crucial to understand and target adipose tissue remodeling for obesity treatment.