How to treat monogenic SLE?

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a rare and life-threatening autoimmune disease characterized by autoantibodies against double-stranded DNA, with an immunopathology that remains partially unclear. New insights into the disease have been provided by the discovery of key mutations leading to the development of monogenic SLE, occurring in the context of early-onset disease, syndromic lupus, or familial clustering. The increased frequency of discovering these mutations in recent years, thanks to the advent of genetic screening, has greatly enhanced our understanding of the immunopathogenesis of SLE. These monogenic defects include defective clearance of apoptotic bodies, abnormalities in nucleic acid sensing, activation of the type-I interferon pathway, and the breakdown of tolerance through B or T cell activation or lymphocyte proliferation due to anomalies in TLR signalling and/or NFκB pathway overactivation. The translation of genetic discoveries into therapeutic strategies is presented here, within the framework of personalized therapy.