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Related Concept Videos

Language Development01:22

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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2025

Experience is Instrumental in Tuning a Link Between Language and Cognition: Evidence from 6- to 7- Month-Old Infants' Object Categorization
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Parental developmental experience affects vocal learning in offspring.

Fanny-Linn H Kraft1,2, Ondi L Crino3,4, Saidat O Adeniran-Obey5

  • 1School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia. fannylinn.kraft@zoologi.su.se.

Scientific Reports
|June 14, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early life stress in parents impacts offspring

Keywords:
BirdsongDevelopmental stressGene expressionIntergenerational effectsTransgenerational plasticityZebra finch

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Ecology
  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cultural and genetic inheritance influence trait expression, but their relative importance is unclear.
  • Birdsong is a socially learned trait affected by development, culture, and genetics.
  • The impact of parental early-life conditions on offspring's social learning is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if early-life conditions in one generation affect song acquisition in the next.
  • To examine the neurogenetic response to song learning in offspring exposed to parental stress.

Main Methods:

  • Exposed one generation (F1) of nestlings to elevated corticosterone (CORT).
  • Assessed F2 males' song copying accuracy of their social father.
  • Quantified immediate early gene (IEG) expression in the auditory forebrain in response to song playback.

Main Results:

  • F2 males with one CORT-exposed parent copied songs less accurately than controls.
  • ARC gene expression in the NCM correlated with father-son song similarity.
  • IEG expression patterns in the CMM differed between control and CORT-exposed offspring.

Conclusions:

  • Developmental conditions in parents can impact social learning in their offspring.
  • Parental early-life stress affects neurogenetic responses related to song learning in the subsequent generation.
  • This study demonstrates transgenerational effects of developmental conditions on social learning and neurobiology.